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The Egyptian Islamic Jihad ((アラビア語:الجهاد الإسلامي المصري)) (EIJ) formerly called simply Islamic Jihad ( and ''Liberation Army for Holy Sites''〔Global Briefings, Issue 27, September 1998, “Osama Bin Laden tied to other fundamentalists”.〕) originally referred to as al-Jihad, and then the Jihad Group, or the Jihad Organization,〔Wright, Lawrence, ''Looming Tower,'' Knopf, 2006, p.123〕 is an Egyptian Islamist terrorist group active since the late 1970s. It is under worldwide embargo by the United Nations as an affiliate of al-Qaeda.〔(The Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee ), United Nations Security Council Committee 1267〕 It is also banned by several individual governments worldwide.〔http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=8534&cat=a ‘Terror’ list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups], ''Arab Times'', February 2003〕 The organization's original primary goal was to overthrow the Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state. Later it broadened its aims to include attacking the United States and Israeli interests in Egypt and abroad. The EIJ has suffered setbacks as a result of numerous arrests of operatives worldwide, most recently in Lebanon and Yemen. In June 2001, al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (which had been associated with each other for many years) merged into "Qaeda al-Jihad". However, the UN states that there was a split in the organization when the merger was announced.〔 Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, former leaders of the group in Egypt formed a political party, called the Islamic Party, which became a member of the Anti-Coup Alliance following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'etat. ==History== al-Jihad or "Tanzim al-Jihad" was formed in 1980 from the merger of two clusters of Islamist groups: a Cairo branch, under Muhammad abd-al-Salam Faraj, and a Saidi (Upper Egypt) branch under Karam Zuhdi.〔Sageman, Marc, ''Understanding Terror Networks'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.134〕 Faraj wrote the 1980 book ''al-Faridah al-Ghaiba (The Neglected Obligation)'', setting forth the standards for EIJ, of which 500 copies were printed.〔Benjamin, Daniel & Steven Simon. "The Age of Sacred Terror", 2002〕 After the assassination of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, the Egyptian government succeeded in rounding up the membership of Tanzim al-Jihad, but "was rather lenient in the ensuing trial". In prison, the Cairenes and Saidis reverted into two factions; the Cairo militants later becoming the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and the Saidis later forming the al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, or the Islamic Group. According to Zawahiri, the EIJ was "different from the Takfir wal Hijra group as we do not consider people infidels because of their sins. And we are different from the Muslim Brotherhood because sometimes they do not oppose the government".〔al-Zayat, Montasser, "The Road to al-Qaeda", 2002〕 The leader of the Cairo militants was Abbud al-Zumar, "a onetime army intelligence officer serving a life sentence for his part in the plot to kill Sadat". This faction, the Islamic Jihad, "was small and tightly disciplined".〔Murphy, Caryle, ''Passion for Islam: Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience,'' Simon and Schuster, 2002, p.67〕 Most of the middle-rank members were discharged from prison after only three years and fled to Pakistan and Afghanistan to help the mujahideen there and escape persecution at home.〔Sageman, Marc, ''Understanding Terror Networks'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Egyptian Islamic Jihad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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